tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-12616335873938662442024-02-07T16:48:40.841-08:00MICROECONOMÍAJaquihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06542886802157376719noreply@blogger.comBlogger1125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1261633587393866244.post-86451994687228588752011-02-04T14:38:00.000-08:002011-02-06T20:58:45.121-08:00Concepto de Función Demanda<div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #351c75;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">En un mercado ideal, de libre competencia, tanto si es de bienes y servicios como si es de factores, llegarán los demandantes tratando de obtener la mayor cantidad de bienes al precio más bajo posible, a esto se llama <span style="color: #cc0000;">demanda.</span></span></span></span></div></div><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; text-align: justify;"><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;"></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Factores_que_determinan_la_demanda"><span style="color: red; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;"><em><strong>Factores que determinan la demanda:</strong></em></span></span></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><span style="color: #351c75;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;">Conviene recordar que los factores que determinan la demanda de un bien son el precio del mismo, el precio de los demás bienes, la renta personal del consumidor y también las preferencias o gustos de los individuos. </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;"></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;"><em><strong>La Demanda</strong></em></span></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><span style="color: #351c75;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;">Es la relación entre el precio de un bien y las cantidades se está dispuesto a adquirir en el mercado en un determinado momento, manteniendo constante los demás factores que puedan afectarla. </span></span><br />
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</div></div><ul><li><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: red;"><em><strong>Ley de la demanda:</strong></em></span> </span></span></div></li>
</ul><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; text-align: justify;"><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLWjAWosANwg26Cg_sissNXsZgYXY7ueV83DlOTkVCwkdp_DbOckp_fXrEs1ppo__c4EZRQxvf9l_MBiCaHcdS5GLF8CJmMO8qNHjehvPMfNLAB4fmO4yPWt_CrsgWXkctei-B5dHp8J-s/s1600/una.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; cssfloat: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;"><img border="0" h5="true" height="148" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLWjAWosANwg26Cg_sissNXsZgYXY7ueV83DlOTkVCwkdp_DbOckp_fXrEs1ppo__c4EZRQxvf9l_MBiCaHcdS5GLF8CJmMO8qNHjehvPMfNLAB4fmO4yPWt_CrsgWXkctei-B5dHp8J-s/s200/una.png" width="200" /></span></a><span style="color: #351c75; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;">El precio de un bien y la cantidad demandada del mismo, poseen una relación inversa debido a que mientras mayor sea el precio, menor será la cantidad demandada, y por el contrario, cuando el precio disminuye aumenta la cantidad demanda. Esta relación inversa se conoce como "Ley de la Demanda", y se cumple para casi todos los bienes. Si un supermercado aumenta el precio de una gaseosa, la cantidad vendida en el corto plazo disminuirá.</span></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #351c75;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;">Excepciones a esta ley la constituyen por ejemplo la demanda de servicios necesarios como el agua, o de medicamentos oncológicos, entre otros. </span></span><br />
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</div><ul><li><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #351c75;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: red;"><em><strong>Curva de demanda:</strong></em></span> </span></span></span></div></li>
</ul><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #351c75; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;">Analicemos la demanda del detergente de marca A, a diferentes precios y por un determinado consumidor, bajo las condición </span><a class="item" href="http://www.blogger.com/" onmousedown="window.open( 'ceteris_paribus.htm','','height=200, width=500, toolbar=no, menubar=no, status=no, location=no, scrollbars=yes, resizable=yes' )" onmouseout="this.className='item'" onmouseover="this.className = 'Resaltar'"><span style="color: #351c75;"></span><span style="color: #741b47; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;">"<i>ceteris paribus</i>"</span></a><span style="color: #351c75;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><i><span style="color: #741b47;">.</span></i>A partir de la recolección de datos reales de la demanda individual de un comprador, se confecciona la tabla de Demanda</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #351c75; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;">Observamos que la <i>relación empírica</i> entre el precio del bien y la cantidad demandada es inversa, a medida que aumenta el precio del bien disminuye la cantidad de artículos que los compradores están dispuestos a adquirir.</span><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><em><u><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;"><strong>Cuadro .Tabla de demanda</strong></span></u></em></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #351c75; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;"></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><table border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="1" style="width: 184px;"><tbody>
<tr><td valign="top" width="44%"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: #351c75;"></span><span style="color: #351c75;"></span></span></span><br />
<div align="center"><span style="color: #351c75; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;">Precio (p)</span></div></td><td valign="top" width="56%"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: #351c75;"></span><span style="color: #351c75;"></span></span></span><br />
<div align="center"><span style="color: #351c75; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;">Cantidad<br />
demandada (q)</span></div></td></tr>
<tr><td valign="top" width="44%"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: #351c75;"></span><span style="color: #351c75;"></span></span></span><br />
<div align="center"><span style="color: #351c75; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;">$2</span></div></td><td valign="top" width="56%"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: #351c75;"></span><span style="color: #351c75;"></span></span></span><br />
<div align="center"><span style="color: #351c75; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;">10</span></div></td></tr>
<tr><td valign="top" width="44%"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: #351c75;"></span><span style="color: #351c75;"></span></span></span><br />
<div align="center"><span style="color: #351c75; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;">$4</span></div></td><td valign="top" width="56%"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: #351c75;"></span><span style="color: #351c75;"></span></span></span><br />
<div align="center"><span style="color: #351c75; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;">8</span></div></td></tr>
<tr><td valign="top" width="44%"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: #351c75;"></span><span style="color: #351c75;"></span></span></span><br />
<div align="center"><span style="color: #351c75; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;">$6</span></div></td><td valign="top" width="56%"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: #351c75;"></span><span style="color: #351c75;"></span></span></span><br />
<div align="center"><span style="color: #351c75; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;">6</span></div></td></tr>
<tr><td valign="top" width="44%"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: #351c75;"></span><span style="color: #351c75;"></span></span></span><br />
<div align="center"><span style="color: #351c75; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;">$8</span></div></td><td valign="top" width="56%"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: #351c75;"></span><span style="color: #351c75;"></span></span></span><br />
<div align="center"><span style="color: #351c75; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;">4</span></div></td></tr>
<tr><td valign="top" width="44%"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: #351c75;"></span><span style="color: #351c75;"></span></span></span><br />
<div align="center"><span style="color: #351c75; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;">$10</span></div></td><td valign="top" width="56%"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: #351c75;"></span><span style="color: #351c75;"></span></span></span><br />
<div align="center"><span style="color: #351c75; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;">2</span></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #351c75; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;"></span></div><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;"></span><br />
<div align="center"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;"></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: #351c75;">Con los datos obtenidos se confecciona el gráfico de la </span><span style="color: red;"><u>curva decreciente </u></span><span style="color: red;"><u>de la demanda.</u></span><span style="color: #351c75;"> </span></span></span><br />
<div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; text-align: justify;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #351c75;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: #741b47;">Curva de demanda de detergente A</span> </span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #351c75;"><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;"></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #351c75; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;">Cada punto del plano de coordenadas (p,q), muestra un precio p y una cantidad q que será demandada; al unirlos se obtiene la <i>curva de la demanda del detergente A</i> en un determinado período de tiempo para cada uno de los posibles precios.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;"> </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;"><img border="0" height="289" src="http://www.fce.unam.edu.ar/pma/Modulo1/FLDema28.jpg" width="459" /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline" id="La_curva_de_demanda_y_el_equilibrio"><span style="color: red; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;"><em><strong>La curva de demanda y el equilibrio:</strong></em></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: #351c75;">Para que el punto de equilibrio entre oferta y demanda sea único, hay varias características que debe cumplir la curva de </span><span style="color: #351c75;">demanda</span><span style="color: #351c75;">:</span></span></span></div><ul><li><span style="color: #351c75;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: red;">Decreciente -</span> Requiere que la elasticidad respecto al precio sea positiva para todo el dominio de la función. </span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="color: #351c75;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: red;">Continuidad -</span> Depende de la infinita divisibilidad del bien. </span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: #351c75;"><span style="color: red;">Derivabilidad </span>- Depende la estructura de las </span><span style="color: #351c75;">curvas de indiferencia</span><span style="color: #351c75;">. </span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: #351c75;"><span style="color: red;">Preferencias completas</span> - El </span><span style="color: #351c75;">consumidor</span><span style="color: #351c75;"> tiene que saber cuál de los siguientes casos le aplica: X>Y o X<Y o X~Y. Quiere dar a entender que uno prefiere X, o prefiere Y, o le da igual entre esas opciones. X puede ser un plátano e Y una manzana </span></span></span></li>
<li style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><span style="color: #351c75;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: red;">Racionalidad del consumidor -</span> Si el consumidor prefiere X a Y, y prefiere Y a Z, tiene que preferir X a Z. </span></span></span></li>
</ul><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZMxEShe-BJw49mCXfwi2iqc8paw8zOvlFO51hkEXHlvXdbdS7lK90jZrj6a4ecqVSFXAyGwx_HFwdDF7gHmpWUcU9dVeR7czQ7kAK7IC64VOWPwu9RuJl_JCAAArMaaQ10S-BmhiU4OYg/s1600/10627_1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;"><img border="0" h5="true" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZMxEShe-BJw49mCXfwi2iqc8paw8zOvlFO51hkEXHlvXdbdS7lK90jZrj6a4ecqVSFXAyGwx_HFwdDF7gHmpWUcU9dVeR7czQ7kAK7IC64VOWPwu9RuJl_JCAAArMaaQ10S-BmhiU4OYg/s200/10627_1.jpg" width="180" /></span></a></div><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #351c75; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;">La demanda de productos se ve diariamente en nuestra vida cotidiana.</span></div></div><div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div>Jaquihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06542886802157376719noreply@blogger.com4